The Role of Ideals and Self-Interest in the History of America :: American America History

The Role of Ideals and Self-Interest in the History of AmericaThroughout history, beginning when settlers first arrived in America, every event that took place became part of American history. Ideals, as described by Dr. Margolies, History Professor at Virginia Wesleyan College, are motivating, lofty goals. whatever of these ideals, which shaped American history, included life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness as protected by the Constitution. self-seeking, a second influential factor in American history, is shown by the gaining of benefits for oneself. Although it is debatable which of these two influential factors was more dominant in American history, the possibility arises that they coincide with one another revealed by many documented events.Self-interest can be seen in many of the writings throughout American history. The mercantile system, as exhibited by the British on the colonies, was an extremely hedonistic cuddle to gaining wealth for themselves. Mercantilis m, as set forth by the Navigation Acts, imposed strict and extremely descriptive laws that would limit and exploit trade in the colonies, allowing Britain to defend the wealth and profit of materials and goods in America. These acts were used to keep America from trading with any other countries. As stated in the Navigation Act of 1660, no goods or commodities whatsoever shall be imported into or exported out of any lands to his Majesty belongingin any other ship or ships...as do truly and without fraud belong only to the people of England or Ireland (Restoration 98). Britain knew that by controlling the colonies in this manner they could take the raw materials out and sell the terminate products back, and by doing so they would profit greatly. This mercantile system exemplifies the arrogant minds of the British while America was developing. This system would soon become a failure collect to the peoples demands to have representation along with taxation, and their desire to separate from England as a free and independent state. Likewise, it was due to self-interest of the greedy planters and the self righteous farmers in the south that slavery was highly used. At that time they needed all the labor they could get, and the cheapest way to obtain it was through the purchase of slaves. Some of the slavery was downplayed by calling it indentured servitude, where servants were essentially slaves for a limited number of years.

The Need for New Management Models in Human Resources Essays -- Human

Thesis Statement Advances in technology along with shifts in the nations sociable structure heavily impact the workplace environment, creating a need for new management models in piece Resources.I. The Changing WorkplaceA. An Historical Perspective of Jobs in AmericaB. Jobs in the 21st CenturyII. Identifying bodied Needs A. The Emergence of Human Resource Management as a Component of General Management.B. Corporate ExpectationsIII. Developing Human Resource Policy A. What HRM Professionals concur to SayIV. Identifying Worker NeedsA. Family VS Work B. The Working EnvironmentC. Benefits and CompensationV. Where to From Here? - HRM Models for InnovationA. Motivation TheoryB. Alternate Work Systems - a Comparrison tabularise This paper is written from the perspective that Human Resource Management (HRM) practices are continually evolving to meet the changes of dynamic work environments. New technologies, increasingly rapid exchanges of information, social paradigm shifts and the restructuring of family systems contribute heavily to the need to find and apply methods of HRM that meet the needs of industry, workers and consumers. To do so effectively, vision and creativity are required in addition to on-going awareness of the bottom line.The Changing Workplace At the opening of the 20th century, the majority of jobs in America were held in two areas, agriculture and industry. world distribution tables for that time demonstrate that most of the nation inhabited rural areas rather than urban areas. This continued to be the trend up until WWII, when men left-hand(a) the country to fight and women left rural America to fill factory jobs as their contribution to the war effort. This movement was the beginning of nationwide workplace and social changes that have accelerated during the last half of the 20th century. The move from rural to suburban environments changed the way we did business a s a nation. Where extended families resided in and back up each other in culturally defined rural settings, nuclear families found themselves alone in homogenous neighborhoods. (1) This created a demand for goods and services that were once provided by extended family and community members, opening up new markets and creating jobs. It ... ...ss, 1997) 299BiblographyPrimary SourcesCollected DocumentsNybor, Jan. Navy Times, 14 Sept. 1994Pritchard, DeLao, Von Bergen, A Feild Test of Expectancy - Valence fillip Motivation Techniques, Organizational Behavior and Human Performance vol.15 Herzberg, Fredrick, One More Time How Do You Motivate Your Employees? Harvard Business Review vol. 47Electronic ReferencesUS Bureau of Statistics Data BaseBooksGlenn, H. Stephen, Developing Capable People, Rockland CA Prima Press 1989Isenberg, Martin A Short History of Human Resource Management, Strategic Human Resource Management Readings, (January 1994) University of Massachusetts PressDrucker, Peter F., Management Challenges for the 21st Century, New York Harper-Collins, 1999Dessler, Gary , Personnel Management, 4th Edition, New Jersey Prentice Hall, 1988Kalleberg, R.P. Social Perspectives on Labor Markets, New York Academic Press, 1991Vroom, Victor H. Work and Motivation, New York Wiley, 1964Tushman & ORielly, Winning Through Innovation, Boston Harvard Business School Press, 1997

History Of The Social Security Program :: American History

In 1935, after bank failures and a stock market crash had wiped out the savings of millions of Americans, the nation turned to their president to guarantee the decrepit a decent income. In those days, only a handful of workers had access to pensions from their employers or through State governmental pension programs. Over half of Americas elder lacked sufficient income to be self-supporting. The Social Security Act was enacted at the urging of President Franklin D. Roosevelt to create a social insurance program that ensures workers would adopt a source of income after they retired. In the decades that have followed, Social Security has become one of the federal governments most popular and essential programs. Despite all our efforts to encourage savings and investment, the private retirement picture has not changed much in recent decades. Even today, barely half of all workers have access to retirement plans at work, and millions reach retirement age without enough private savin gs to provide an adequate living in retirement. Social Security is still the tail for most seniors retirement. Without this critical safety-net program, over half of all older Americans would fall into poverty. Social Security does exactly what it was designed to do. It gives retired people a secure, basic income for as long as they live. At the end of 2005, more than 48 million people were receiving Social Security benefits 33 million retired workers and their dependents, 7 million survivors of dead soul workers, and 8 million disabled workers and their families. Over time, the Democratic Party has implemented changes to the Social Security program in order to adjust to changing times. In 1965, President Lyndon B. Johnson proposed and later signed the legislation to create Medicare. The Medicare program was added to provide universal, affordable health care benefits to retirees. Medicare is the largest health insurance program in the linked States. At the end of 1966, Medi care served approximately 3.9 million individuals. As of 2003, it serves about 41 million people. There are 5.6 million Medicare beneficiaries enrolled in managed care programs. Medicare is an entitlement program homogeneous to Social Security and is not based on financial need. Medicare benefits are available to all American citizens over the age of 65 because they or their spouses have paid Social Security taxes through their working years. Since Medicare is a federal program, the rules for eligibility remain constant throughout the nation and coverage remains continuous careless(predicate) of where an individual receives treatment in the United States.

Essay on Narrator and Point of View in Yellow Wallpaper and Story of an

Narrator and Point of View in The Yellow Wallpaper and The Story of an Hour Both Gilmans and Chopins stories are, in effect, stories of women who feel confine by the men in their lives. Gilman uses first mortal narration to reveal a womans creeping loss of reality to her readers, while Chopin allows us to experience the blessedness Louise Mallard felt upon hearing of her husbands death through and through third person narration. Interestingly, neither story would have been able to reveal either womans psyche to conflict the reader as successfully as both did had their individual narrations been attempted through another form. In The Yellow Wallpaper, Gilmans point of view is expressed through first person narration, which provides her readers with brief glimpses into the other characters perception of her and her perceptions of them (which essentially enlightens readers), as well as the main characters active dissemination of what is occurring in her mind. First person narratio n can at times be considered biased or naive within the context of their perceptions and projections of other characters. Not so with the woman in The Yellow Wallpaper. She seems to offer an almost unbiased perspective of husband illusion, which the reader notes from the beginning as she goes back and forth from justifying his attitude and behavior towards her--Dear John He loves me dearly, and hates to have me sick (324)--to eventually becoming mistrustful of him The fact is I am getting a microscopical afraid of John (326). star ends up viewing John as completely oblivious yet superior in his lackadaisical attitude and treatment of his wife. Therefore one has little sympathy for John in the end (which I believe is also intended), when he finally realize... ...r V. Roberts and Henry E. Jacobs. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey Prentice-Hall Inc. Simon Schuster/ A Viacom Company, 1998. 542-553. Gilman, Charlotte Perkins. Why I Wrote The Yellow Wallpaper Ed. Catherine Lavender The C ollege of Staten Island of the City University of New York, Fall Semester, Oct. 1997. (25 Jan 1999) http//www.library.csi.cuny.edu/dept/history/lavender/whyyw.html McChristie, Pat. Women Need to Work procure 1998. Cyberwoman (30 Jan 1999) http//www.cyberparent.com/women/needwork.htm Wyatt, Neal Biography of Kate Chopin English 384 Women Writers. Ed. Ann M. Woodlief Copyright 1998, Virginia Commonwealth University. (26 Jan. 1999) http//www.vcu.edu/engweb/eng384/katebio.htm Why are Women Leaving Marriage in Droves? Marriage. Copyright 1998. Cyberwoman (30 Jan 1999) http//www.cyberparent.com/women/marriage1.htm

us history :: essays research papers

The Declaration of Independence contains words all Americans take for granted We hold these Truths to be self-evident, that all hands are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the Pursuit of Happiness The founders of the country that would become the United States had to clothe these words into a written declaration because those ruling them at the time did not recognize those pay offs. Democracy as we know it today was just get down to take shape prior to the American Revolutionary War.Often, the events are presented to students in overly simplistic ways the colonists simply got mad because they had no parliamentary procedures for influencing the laws that governed them, a concept explained as taxation without representation. England imposed more and more taxes on the colonists, and they had no way to stop the King from doing this to them, so they rebelled. However, the idea that they should have the right to overthrow a government that denied them what we now think of as basic rights was a relatively new one, and not one embraced by all political leaders in Europe at the time.These ideas began with discoveries in accomplishment that revealed that our physical world was governed by predictable rules, by cause and effect (Mills, 1996). At the time, science was viewed as a branch of philosophy, and scientific thinking was gradually applied to philosophy, leading to a new school of thought that came to be known as The Enlightenment. (The Economist, 1999) The idea of democracy wasnt new. Ancient Rights page 2Greece had been ruled by a modified form of democracy that gave the right to vote to the f number echelons of male citizens. The development of modern democracy also had roots in developing economic practice. John Locke, one of prominent thinkers in the Enlightenment movement, compose great emphasis on the right to own property. Systems of law that were respected by members of many different countries were necessary so commerce could develop. Without laws regarding ownership and property, those lovable in trade could not be certain that transaction agreements would be honored (The Economist, 1999). In reports of the events leading up to the American Revolution, the King of England is often picture as a dictator who pronounced law as he saw fit based on his absolute power. However, the notion of a milkweed butterfly with absolute power was not the standard for most of European history.

us history :: essays research papers

The Declaration of Independence contains words all Americans take for granted We kibosh these Truths to be self-evident, that all Men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the Pursuit of Happiness The founders of the awkward that would become the United States had to put these words into a written declaration be seduce those ruling them at the time did not recognize those rights. Democracy as we cheat it today was just beginning to take shape prior to the American Revolutionary War.Often, the events are presented to students in overly simplistic ways the colonists simply got queasy because they had no parliamentary procedures for influencing the laws that governed them, a concept explained as taxation without representation. England imposed more and more taxes on the colonists, and they had no way to stop the King from doing this to them, so they rebelled. However, the idea that they shou ld have the right to overthrow a government that denied them what we now think of as basic rights was a relatively new cardinal, and not one embraced by all political leaders in Europe at the time.These ideas began with discoveries in science that revealed that our physical world was governed by predictable rules, by cause and effect (Mills, 1996). At the time, science was viewed as a branch of philosophy, and scientific thinking was gradually applied to philosophy, leading to a new school of plan that came to be known as The Enlightenment. (The Economist, 1999) The idea of body politic wasnt new. Ancient Rights page 2Greece had been ruled by a modified form of democracy that gave the right to vote to the upper echelons of male citizens. The development of modern democracy also had roots in developing economic practice. John Locke, one of boastful thinkers in the Enlightenment movement, put great emphasis on the right to own property. Systems of law that were respected by member s of many different countries were necessary so commerce could develop. Without laws regarding ownership and property, those engaging in trade could not be certain that transaction agreements would be honored (The Economist, 1999). In reports of the events leading up to the American Revolution, the King of England is often depicted as a dictator who pronounced law as he saw fit based on his exacting power. However, the notion of a monarch with absolute power was not the standard for most of European history.

Philippine Culture Essay

Culture is a persons sociable heritage or the customary ways in which groups organize their ways of behaving, opinion and feeling. It is transmitted from cardinal generation to another through language. It presents people with ways of relating to others to their surroundings. Culture represents the designs or recipes for living, the interrelated network of norms and roles. It encompasses modes of thinking, acting, and feeling found in a society and includes everything an individual has acquired as a member of a society. It tells one what to do, what not to and how to do things (Poethig, 2005).From our culture, we learn to determine what behavior is appropriate and what is inappropriate, what is good and what abuse behavior is, what be allowed and what ar prohibited, and even which smells are pleasant and which are not. One of the cultures that this paper investigates is the Philippine Culture. II. Discussion The Filipinos of the last quarter of the twentieth coke are the sum to tal of the social strains and cultural elements that are Aeta, Indonesian, Malaysian, Hindu, Arabian, Chinese, Spanish, Americans in short, the Filipinos are cosmopolitan in nature.They are both oriental and occidental. The Aeta, Indonesian, Malayan, Hindu, Arabian, and Chinese elements are the foundation of the Filipinos oriental naturethe core of their moral and social conscience and cultural identity (Carino, 2008). From early trade and commerce and inter brotherhoods amid the Filipino ancestors and Chinese and Hindu merchants, as well as the wave of settlements of other Asian neighbors into the country, the oriental side of the Filipino has evolved. Interpersonal and social relationships drift around blood ties, marriage, and ritual kinship (Carroll, 2002).Spanish and American culture composes the Filipinos Occidentalism. Through centuries of colonial rule, the Spanish influence found its way into their religious, political, economic, and educational life, as well as into thei r language, dress, and diet. In addition, Filipinos are also inclined to status-oriented behavior, shame, debt of gratitude, self-esteem as the desire for smooth interpersonal relations (Carroll, 2002). All of these interweave with one another and add up to an accentuation of authoritarian in the Filipino.Filipinos are also shame-oriented, that is, their major concern is social approval, acceptance by a group, and be to a group. Their behavior is generally dependent on what others will think, say, or do. Their desires and ambitions depend on what pleases or displeases others. Being bashful still controls much of the Filipinos behavior (Poethig, 2005). Moreover, the Family Code of the Philippines defines marriage as a special contract of permanent union between a man and woman entered into in accordance with law for the establishment of conjugal and family life.No marriage is valid in Philippine society unless the following requirements are present the legal expertness of the contr acting parties who must be a male and a female, and consent freely given in the presence of the solemnizing officer (Carino, 2008). The minimum age for marriage is 18 years but parental consent is necessary for those below 21 years. On one hand, the basic social units of Philippine society are the nuclear family, which includes the father, mother, and children, and the bilaterally extended kinship group, which embraces all relatives of the father and mother.Other important relationships are those of the siblings and the cousins and of the grandparents and grandchildren. The Christian Filipino family has often been described as a large family group, usually including three generations in the same home, which is, extended in terms of membership. Thus, the Filipino family is frequently said to be patriarchal in authority. Furthermore, the guinea pig language is Filipino, a formal version of Tagalog, an indigenous language. English is widely used in commerce and education. Most of the people are able to come up to English. Only a few are able to speak Spanish (Poethig, 2005).Of the numerous indigenous languagesbased mainly on Malayan-Polynesian languagesthere are clubhouse major ones. Of these, the most widely spoken are Cebuano, Tagalog, Ilocano, and Hiligaynon. III. Conclusion As a conclusion, in terms of residence, the Filipino family may be said to be bilocal and neolocal. The residence of the more influential and affluent family is likely to be the place of residence of the newly married couple. Where the girls parents are wealthier than the boys parents, the couple is likely to choose the residence of the girl. As a rule, Filipinos practice endogamy.One is likely to marry within ones locality grouping, social class, religion, or nationality grouping. The rationale is that the adjustive process is easier when one marries within ones group than when one marries outside it since one is already aware of its folkways and mores. fibre Carino, Isidro (2008). A question of relevance. Philippine Panorama, July 5, 28-30 Carroll, John J. (2002). The focus of national renewal Grassroots or elite. The Incumbents pf the system? Philippine Sociological Review 20 (4) October 1 407-411 Poethig, Richard (2005). The Philippine urban family. St. Louis Quarterly 63-64 (September-December) 375-396

Practical Education vs Theoretical Education Essay

Nepal is backward in education system till todays modern times due to the theoretical knowledge and rote learning. Theoretical education is based on text books and practical(a) education is based on various types of skills and technique. In Nepal, most priority is given to the theoretical education rather than practical as curriculum is based on it. Some of schools has pick out the practical approach of teaching-learning activities but majority are lacking. Theoretical education priorities only on the texts books and it is exam-oriented as well. Most of the contents or topics of our curriculum is not useful in our very life.Moreover, one of my friends told me that Nepal weed never make a progress until and unless this (theoretical) education system is modified. Im too all in all agree with my friend view that if the curriculum or education pattern is not alter, country would be in same condition as it is, for to a greater extent few years. Till now, we are adopting traditional app roach of educational practice based on theory.Likewise, Rote Learning is an technique which avoids understanding of a defeat and instead focusing on memorization. Rote learning is often view as a bad practice which is not good for the students. It makes students dull, unskilled, less creative thinking and many more. In Nepal, If the students dont understood the topic, teacher encourages students for rote learning rather teaching the contents thoroughly from the first.In addition to, Practical education supports students to grab up skills which helps them to stand independently in any jobs and works. They will able to learn by understanding and doing practically in their life. Teachers likewise must use the practical methods of teaching day to day which helps to bring creativeness to students and make the students provide suitable logic and understanding about the candid matter.Rote Learning is practiced in subjects like Science, Social and Nepali. However, the new trend has been discovered which involves the rote learningof subjects like Math. Students couldnt understand the methods taught by teacher because of less practical method. So, they rote learn them by mathematical methods.To conclude, it seems that the necessity of the practical based education in Nepal is a must. For that, the main power that our government can play is to change present curriculum and bring about changes which includes 80% practical knowledge and remaining as theoretical. Also, there can be a class where students are taught on the international and national issues.

Aligning Elementary School to Middle School Curriculum Essay

There has been an upsurge in program alliance actions among educational institutions in an attempt to reinforce the efficiency and lastingness of instructions and assessment programs (Marsh & Willis, 2003). The need to eliminate the differences in both learning and teaching has compelled leaders in educational settings to examine the concepts and skills taught in educational institutions (Marsh & Willis, 2003). Also, the No Child Left Behind (NCLB) program of 2002 justifies the signifi dejectionce of syllabus alignment activities (Clarke, Kayona, Ruebling & Stow, 2006).In curriculum development, there are three essential areas that need massive considerations. One, the curriculum papers needs to give direction, focus, and accountability in the learning environment. (Clarke, Kayona, Ruebling & Stow, 2006). Two, the curriculum document should be revised on a regular radix by at least two educational leaders and three student outcomes that recognize what the learners acquire prio r to graduation should align with the standards set by the allege.According to Clarke, Kayona, Ruebling & Stow, (2006) many educational institutions have not yet integrated successfully the essentials standards indoors their curriculum nor maintained a written document to show instruction. Again, the important role of leaders in educational setting to develop and implement curriculum is evident with the alignment of taught, written and tested curriculum. Clarke, Kayona, Ruebling & Stow, 2006) also affirms that the leave out of curriculum alignment sight result to lower achievement where educators teach contents that is not part of the curriculum document and nor is it part of assessment material.This disquisition will analyze the curriculum spliff and alignment between elementary school and set school social studies, specifically, fourth and seventh grade. Inclusive of this discourse will be a plan to improve curriculum union and alignment between elementary school and mid dle school social studies as well as improve the academic betterment of student and the conformity of the curriculum. Summary of Original Analysis The curriculum for the North Dakota Department of Public information is a standards-based design that lays emphasis on the students ability.The curriculum is divided by effect, grade level and standard. It explains the core contents for each subject with proficiency descriptors. The curriculum document is relevant to the mission of the North Dakota Department of Public Instruction as well as the objectives for the subjects. The Social Studies curriculum document for North Dakota Department of Public Instruction has five major themes for both elementary school and middle school as well as bench mark expectations in each category. The main ideas and academic expectations are the same for both schools.The design of subject matter for adjoining educational stages includes concepts, skills, understandings, and the core content reusable in assessment. The curriculum documents of North Dakota Department of Public Instruction for the elementary and middle school comprise vertical alignment between the adjoining educational levels. The concepts, skills and understandings become more complicated amid the two educational levels. Therefore, learners should understand the concepts and skills of the elementary school before learning the concepts and skills of middle school.The concentration of the elementary school is narrower than that of middle school. The curriculum documents of both elementary and middle school do not exhibit horizontal alignment. Improvement of curriculum alignment, student progression and curriculum consistency Curriculum alignment is necessary to guarantee harmony between the curriculums intentions and the instruction of the curriculum by scrutiny what is taught. In effect, there is circumstantial or no space left for differences in curriculum implementation.The educational leaders thereafter, asses s educators by the degree in which the learners meet the set standards through standardized examination (Marsh & Willis, 2003). The vertical alignment links subjects that express a proportionship and a especial(a) order and then match the curriculum to the particular order. In this, students will gain vital knowledge prior to the next subject. The alignment aids in material reinforcement and offers teachers knowledge in relation to students ability.In addition, Melvin (2007 notes that vertical alignment enhances learning for students as well as communication between teachers at various educational levels. Horizontal alignment transversely brings to hastenher curriculum objectives between subjects. Horizontal alignment benefits learners in that learning transmits to new situation where students realize the significance of the knowledge gained (Wraga, 1999). The social studies curriculum at heart the North Dakota Department of Public Instruction between elementary and middle schoo l, puts emphasis on standards and outlines objectives needed by students to learn.So as to improve curriculum alignment, it is necessary for curriculum at adjoining educational levels to lay emphasis on these objectives at every appropriate occurrence but not only within a particular grade. Glatthorns (1999) suggests it is important that the curriculum contain objectives for constant development, which can center on learning as well as testing when probable. Again, the curriculum should include enhancement units for all learners. Educators can then assess the standards and align the taught, written and tested curriculum.By gathering the acknowledged state standards and applying resourcefulness, tutors can develop unit which, will be interesting to the students. Teachers flexibility can also be put in play where the curriculum can be adjusted to meet the requirements and capability of the learners. In this strategy, educators align the written curriculum with the tested curriculum a nd the taught curriculum with the written one. As they implement the curriculum, In addition, teachers can include objectives for ongoing development and enhancement units.This process will allow learners to achieve high grades on tests while the ongoing students will have units of deal that are statewide and thus will get their interest (Glatthorn, 1999). The North Dakota Department of Public Instruction maintains a standards-based curriculum that contains list of fundamental flesh out and abilities at the lower end of Blooms Taxonomy, with no intention for connecting the fundamental details into more important outcomes of learning.Marsh and Willis (2003) contends that the progression that has been mandated by state would then be trussed by practical and fundamental knowledge with minimal consideration of lasting learning competency that is necessary to life as well as other areas of learning. A curriculum that lays out the necessity to address all students and concent pass judg ment on cognition development at a higher-level whilst retentiveness the standards-based curriculum is the most suitable to put into practice for the two adjoining educational stages (Wraga, 1999).A combined curriculum that is integrated, inclusive and student centered with holistic and multicultural aspects will enhance curriculum alignment both horizontally and vertically. In addition, this kind of curriculum will enhance learners academic progression and assistant in curriculum consistency. Wraga (1999) admits that the standards-based curriculum must contain curriculum alignment of a larger curriculum that corresponds lifelong learning.A curriculum that contains intrapersonal improvement encourages the learners to cover learning and associate in relation to the learners life. Teaching and nurturing social skills through the curriculum allows cooperation of learners with other individuals, builds conflict resolution skills, and assists in team building. The curriculum within t he North Dakota Department of Public Instruction shall integrate multicultural aspect so as to align the curriculum with the todays society. Learners will get to value diverse culture and as a result develop communication among cultures.An all grade inclusive curriculum which is also adaptive is worthful to all learners it will offer equal learning opportunities to students with disabilities as well as allow all students to embrace diversity among individuals. A student-centered curriculum focuses on the learners but not the curriculum materials, content to be covered or written goals. When there is implementation of a standards-based curriculum in association with a combined curriculum and high-stakes testing, students are assured of quality education.Layton & Lock (2007) asserts that student assessments are vital and in an effort to assist in academic progression of student educators should build tests that assess student learning correctly and adjust tests for the at-risk learner s. Educators can unearth better ways of evaluating test results so as to come out learning needs of students and revise instruction. In addition this plan integrates authentic assessment. Authentic assessment demands the relevance and integration of skills vital to solve complicated problems and allows raise substantiation of the students ability to prosper in all situations.Learners have a chance to explain themselves allowing teachers to better understand the learning process and get crying(a) feedback for learners. Furthermore, the application of authentic assessment sets up teacher collaboration and collegiality as well as expands the reflection and inquiry by the teacher. Conclusion Curriculum alignment involves matching a curriculums content to the use of tests so as to assess the learning of student (Marsh & Willis, 2003). Curriculum alignment calls for educational institutions to ensure consistence in the objectives, guides, textbooks, and tests that make up the curriculu m (Marsh & Willis, 2003).Leaders in educational settings determine academic achievement through standard testing as a means to find out what happens in schools. Institutions of education emphasize effectiveness through increasing academic achievement where they term decline in academic achievement as a problem in the quality of the curriculum. Thus, aligning the intended curriculum with the taught curriculum seems to resolve this problem (Marsh & Willis, 2003). By compound the previous aspects into the North Dakota Department of Public Instruction curriculum, a more significant learning experience can be achieved by both educators and students.Lastly, curriculum alignment will be seen, student academic progression as well as curriculum consistency will improve (Marsh & Willis, 2003). References Alexson, R. G. & Kemnitz, C. P. (2004) Curriculum articulation and transitioning student success Where are we going wrong and what lessons have we learned? Educational Research Quarterly, Re trieved from ProQuest Education Journals database. Accessed on September 26, 2007 Biessman, J. B. (2006) An examination of curriculum articulation in Wisconsin high school and post-secondary introductory biology courses.Retrieved from ProQuest Digital Dissertations database. Accessed on September 25, 2007. Carnoy, M. (2005) Have state accountability and high-stakes test influenced student progression rates in high school? Educational Measurement, Issues and Practice, 24. Retrieved from ProQuest database. Accessed on September 26, 2007. Clarke, N. A. , Kayona, F. , Stow, S. , Ruebling (2006) Developing standards-based curricula and assessments Lessons learned from the field. Retrieved from EBSCO host database. Accessed on September 26, 2007, Cumming, J. J. & Maxwell, G. S.(1999) Contextualizing authentic assessment. Assessment in Education, 6. Retrieved from ProQuest database. Accessed on September 26, 2007 Hodgkinson, H. (2000). Educational demographics What teachers should know. Ed ucational Leadership. John, B. (2003) Curriculum audits achieving alignment for student success. Education Today. Retrieved from CBCA Complete database. Accessed on September 26, 2007. Odden, A. (2000) The costs of sustaining educational change through comprehensive school reform. Ornstein, A. C. & Levine, D. U. (1990) School effectiveness and reform Guidelines for action.Porter, A. C. (2005) Getting the Content of Instruction Right. Retrieved from CBCA Complete database. Accessed on September 25, 2007 Layton, C. A. & Lock, R. H. (2007) Use authentic assessment techniques to fulfill the look for of no child left behind. Intervention in School and Clinic. Retrieved from ProQuest database. Accessed on September 25, 2007 Marsh, C. J. , & Willis, G. (2003) Curriculum Alternative approaches, ongoing issues, 3rd edition. Upper Saddle River, NJ Pearson. Wraga, W. G. (1999). The educational and political implications of curriculum alignmentand standards-based reform. Journal of Curriculum and Supervision. Retrieved from ProQuest database. Accessed on September 25, 2007 Young, M. L. (2004) High-stakes assessment and school accountability A multicase study describing and comparing the outdo practices of five K6 elementary schools that have demonstrated significant increases in student achievement as measured by the norm-referenced SAT-9 assessment and the schoolman Performance Index of California. Retrieved from ProQuest Digital Dissertations database. Accessed on September 25, 2007

Death in Venice and Cat and Mouse Essay

Thesis The contradiction between ones public image and arrant(a) feelings or desires is a dominant origin in Death in Venice and Cat and Mouse. Both use tike characters to help represent this theme as well as foretell plot.Minor characters may often be overlooked in literature as the readers attention is concentrate on the major characters. However, minor characters are, in fact, an important contributor to theme and plot. On comparing Death in Venice and Cat and Mouse, a similar theme arises the struggle in human nature between what is conveyed on the surface and what is happening beneath. The minor characters represent this struggle in the major characters, while foreshadowing their fate. In Thomas Manns novella, the reader is invited to witness Aschenbachs struggle with admitting his love for Tadzio, while maintaining his respectable reputation. When examining the old man on the boat and the ugly singing quartet, it is clear that the appearance and manner of the minor chara cters are truly similar.They portray Aschenbachs internal torment and foreshadow his tragic buy the farm from grace. The minor characters in Gnter Grasss novel represent somewhat differently Mahlkes actions (participating in the war) conflicting with his inner beliefs. The undermining of the non-Christian priest and the behaviour of Mahlke towards the police lieutenant commander symbolize Mahlkes struggle and foreshadow his joining the military. Manns characters are clearly portrayed as grotesque relating to Aschenbachs tragic fall from grace, while Grasss characters are respectable men in society representing his unbowed feelings well-nigh the war. The struggle and fate of the Aschenbach personified in the minor characters is arguably more evident in Death in Venice simply because there is one protagonist. Nevertheless, both novel and novella effectively use the minor characters to change to this theme and foreshadow plot.In the beginning of chapter three in Death in Venice, Aschenbach is faced with his first unsettling encounter when he meets the old man on the vaperetto. This minor character represents Aschenbachs hidden desires beginning to expose because of the conflict with youth and age. A description of the old man is given on scalawag 211.The company on the upper deck consisted of a group of youthfulness menchattering, laughingOne of the party, who wore a light yellow summer example of extravagant cut, a scarlet necktie and a rakishly Panama hat, was the most conspicuous of them all in his shrill hilarity. But, as soon as Aschenbach took a slightly closer lookhis youth was false. He was old, there was no mistaking it. There were wrinkles round his eyes and mouth. His cheeks faint carmine rouge, the brown hairwas a wig, his neck was flaccid and scrawnyhis yellowish full complement of teethwas a cheap artificial set, and his hands with signet rings on both index fingers were those of an old man. (pg. 211)This quote signifies the truth (the mans real age) trying to be disguised through make-up, flashy attire, artificial teeth, and young company. Aschenbachs own struggle for admitting his love for Tadzio and concealing it is being introduced. The old man tries to mask the reality of his age similarly to Aschenbach failing to recognise his true feelings for Tadzio. Aschenbach must deny his inner desires, and hide them from the public eye, as he is a venerated writer. More importantly the grotesqueness in the old mans forgery of his age foreshadows Aschenbachs tragic fall from grace. The minor character is said to be flaccid and scrawny indicative of frailty much alike Aschenbachs impending state that consumes him and brings him to his tragic death.Disguising the truth can also be seen in Cat and Mouse through the priest, Father Gusewski. It can be argued that he takes advantage of Pilenz by exploiting his spiritual position. For example, on page 123 Pilenz describes the priests occasional wanderings of his handsdown Pilenzs backto the waist of Pilenzs gym bloomers, and Father Gusewski uses the power of his spiritual position to defend his behaviour when he says that it was Pilenzs catholic soul he was looking for.The priests inner desires are concealed through his position much like Aschenbachs are through his. Mahlkes conflict is in his spiritual inner self-importance conflicting with the inevitably of joining the war. Eventually, he conforms to society and ignores his true opinions of the war. Perhaps, the undermining of the priest foreshadows Mahlkes efforts to ridicule the lieutenant when Mahlke steals the medal. Also on page 123, the narrator discusses the priests attempts at changing his name to sound more Germanic. The priest is in a way complying with the war similarly to Mahlke. Perhaps, the priests actions foreshadow Mahlkes surrender of his faith when he temporarily joins the military.Similarly, the lead singer in the beggar virtuoso lies to Aschenbach when he conceals the truth about the cholera epidemic. The reaching of Aschenbachs death is once once again stressed by the appearance and manner of the minor character. However, there is a development in the grotesqueness of the character, perhaps, demonstrating a progression in Aschenbachs fall from grace. Words such as savagely, grimacing, grotesque, and stench infer a more sinister airwave to the minor characters. The alliteration simply emphasises the filth of the lead singer. This development further depicts the extent of Aschenbachs inner torment surfacing. Also, with the juxtaposition of opposite societies, the reader is make aware of the conflict between Aschenbachs inner desires and his image for the public. A hint of sarcasm underlines the singers response to Aschenbachs question about the disinfections. The many a(prenominal) short, repeated questions and exclamation points seem over-enthusiastic as if the singer is laughing inside and mocking Aschenbach.A unsoundness? But what sickness? Is the sirocco sickness? Is our police a sickness? The signore is having a little joke A sickness Certainly not signore (pg. 254)Then the singers laughing that followed is expound as shrieking he pointed his finger up at the guests, as if that laughing company above him were the most comical thing in the creative activity (pg. 254). Perhaps, the laugh is allegorical of Aschenbachs opinions of his love for Tadzio. Maybe, Aschenbach is ashamed of his feelings, and feels he is being exposed. The laugh may also be directed towards the visitors and their ignorance of the cholera epidemic. Hence, conveying the future, detrimental prospects of the guests and especially Aschenbachs.Mahlkes reaction to the lieutenant is similar to that of Aschenbachs towards the singer. There is an atmosphere of discomfort, exposure, and conflict during the lieutenant commanders visit on pages 88 through 96.Mahlke hadnt wanted to attendMahlke began to tremble before the lieutenant commander had even opened his mouth. M ahlkes hands clutched Mahlkes knees, but the frisson continuedSudden movement of the lieutenants headMahlke trembled, feeling no doubt that he had been recognised, but he hadntWhen Pilenz had turned around toward Mahlke, he was gonethe only reason why Mahlke had caught Pilenzs attentionwas that he didnt join in the laughter (pg. 88-96)Mahlke feels uncomfortable around the lieutenant as he trembles and does not laugh with the other boys. If the lieutenant delineates the war, then Mahlkes attitude towards it is clearly that of someone opposing it. Juxtaposing the hero and the anti-hero represents Mahlkes inner struggle. He cannot avoid joining the military, yet it goes against his inner beliefs. Mahlke must conform to society and conceal his real opinions much like Aschenbach does his. Mahlkes dissidence with the war efforts is evident again in his attempt to steal the lieutenants medal. This foreshadows Mahlkes accordance with the military as he has broken the law, and positions him self closer to the lieutenant who is symbolic of the war.In both texts, the minor characters embody the struggle of the major characters, while signifying their fate. The minor characters are, in effect, literary motifs used to symbolize theme and plot. In Death in Venice, Aschenbach must appease his love for Tadzio, as it cannot be unmasked for the publics eye. However, the famous writer succumbs to the power of his desire and stays in Venice despite the many warning signs, and he is led to his death. The same occurs in Cat and Mouse when Mahlke refuses to return to the military at the end of the novel. Mann and Grass carefully demonstrate the work out minor characters have on the text as a whole. Through characterising the minor characters and including them in the larger scheme of things, the importance of their role is made very clear.

Night World : Huntress Chapter 17

Morgeads entire body jerked once and then went absolutely still. As if hed been off to stone. Theonly thing alive about him was his eye, which were staring at Jez with grogginess and burning suspense.Well, Jez told herself, with a grim humor that was almost like sobbing grief, I startled him, thats for sure.I finally publicaged to stun Morgead speechless.It was only then that she realise some part of her had try ford that he already knew this, too. That hewould be able to brush it off with exasperation, the way he had the fact that she was a Daybreaker. merely that hope was shattered now. It had been a stupid hope whateverway. Being a Daybreaker wassomething that could change, a matter of confused attitude.Being vermin was permanent.But thats-thats not- Morgead seemed to be having trouble get the words out. His eyes were largewith horror and denial. Thats not possible. Youre a vampire.Only half, Jez said. She felt as if she were killing something-and she was. She was murderin g any hopefor what was between them.Might as well stomp it good, she thought bitterly. She couldnt under reject the wetness that wasthreatening to spill out of her eyes.The some other half is merciful, she said shortly, almost viciously. My mother was human. Claire is my cousin,and shes human. Ive been living with my uncle Jim, my mother s brother, and his family. Theyre allhuman.Morgead shut his eyes. A moment of astonishing weakness for him, Jez thought coldly.His verbalise was still a whisper. Vampires and humans stooget take up kids. You go offt be half and half.Oh, yeah, I screwing. My father broke the laws of the Night World. He fell in love with a human, and theygot married, and here I am. And then, when I was three or so, some other vampires came and tried tokill us all. In her mind Jez was seeing it again, the woman with red haircloth who looked like a medievalprincess, begging for her childs life. The tall man trying to protect her. They knew I was half human.They kept yelling Kill the freak. So thats what I am, you see. She turned eyes she knew werefeverishly bright on him. A freak.He was shaking his head, gulping as if he wereabout to be sick. It do Jez hate him, and feel sorry for him at the same time. She scarcely arrest thathot tears were spilling down her cheeks.Im vermin, Morgead. One of them. Prey. Thats what I realized a year ago, when I left the gang. Upuntil then I had no idea, just now that last night we hunted, I remembered the truth. And I knew that I had togo away and try to make up for all the things Id done to humans.He put a hand up to press against his eyes.I didnt just become a Daybreaker. I became a vampire hunter. I track down vampires who like to kill,who approve making humans suffer, and I stake them. You know why? Because they deserve to die.He was looking at her again, but as if he could hardly stand to. Jez-Its weird. I dont know about our connection- she smiled bitterly at him, to let him know she knew allthat was e reallywhere now-but I felt bad duplicity to you. Im almost glad to finally certify you the truth. I kind ofwanted to read you a year ago when it happened, but I knew youd kill me, and that made me a littlehesitant.She was laughing now. She realized she was more than a little hysterical. But it didnt seem to matter. Nothing mattered while Morgead was looking at her with that sick disbelief in his eyes.So, anyway She stretched her muscles, still happy at him, but ready to defend herself. Are you expiry to try and kill me now? Or is the involvement just off?He simply looked at her. It was as if his entire spirit had gone out of him. He didnt speak, and all atonce Jez couldnt cypher of anything to say, either. The silence stretched and stretched, like a yawningchasm between them.They were so far away from each other.You knew all along it would come to this, Jezs mind told her mockingly. How can you take to beupset? Hes actually taking it better than you expected. He hasnt tried to tear your throat out yet.At last Morgead said, in a plain and empty voice, Thats why you wouldnt drink my blood.I havent had a blood meal for a year, Jez said, feeling equally empty. I dont need to, if I dont use myPowers.He stared past her at the metal wall. Well, maybe youd better drink some of your human friends, hesaid stock(a)ly. Because whoever hasus-He broke off, suddenly alert. Jez knew what it was. The van was subnormality down, and the tires werecrunching on gravel.They were pulling into a driveway.A long driveway, and a steep one. Were somewhere out in the country, Jez thought.She didnt have time for any more pull the leg of with Morgead. Although she felt drained and numb, she wasfocused on outside issues now.Look, she said tensely as the van braked. I know you hate me now, but whoever has us hates usboth. Im not asking you to help me. I just wantto get my cousin away-and Im asking you not to stop me from doing that. Later, you can fight me orwhatever. We c an take care of that between the two of us. hardly dont stop me from saving Claire.He just looked at her with sick and hollow eyes. He didnt agree or disagree. He didnt move when shepositioned herself to erupt out of the van as soon as the back doorstep was opened.But, as it turned out, she could have saved her breath. Because when the door did open, letting insunlight that blinded Jez, it was to reveal five vicious-looking thugs, completely blocking the entrance.Three of them had spears with deadly points leveled right at Jez. The other two had guns.If anybody tries to fight, a voice from around the side of the van said, shoot the unconscious ones inthe kneecaps.Jez sagged back. She didnt try to fight as they forced her out of the van. Neither, strangely, did Morgead. There were more thugs standing(a) around behind the van, enough tosurround both Jez and Morgead with a forest of spears as they were led to the house.It was a nice house, a small sturdy top executive Anne painted barn red. There were trees all around and noother buildings in sight.Were out in the boondocks, Jez thought. Maybe Point Reyes Park. Somewhere remote, anyway,where nobody can hear us scream.They were shepherded into the living room of the house, and Hugh and Claire were dumpedunceremoniously on the floor.And then they were all tie up.Jez kept observance for an opportunity to attack. But one never came. All the time she and Morgead werebeing tied, two of the thugs pointed guns at Claire and Hugh. There was no way Jez could disarm themboth before they got off a shot.Worse, she was being rendered missed by an expert. The cords were made of bast, the inner bark oftrees. Equally effective against vampires and humans. When the guy tying her up was through, she had nouse of her arms or legs.Hugh woke up, gasping with pain, when they tied his injured arm. Claire woke up when the werewolfthug whod finished winding cords around her slapped her.Jez looked at that particular wolf carefully . She was too angry to spotlight at him. But she wanted toremember his face.thence she looked back at Claire, who was staring around her in bewilderment.I-where are we? Whats going on, Jez?Hugh was also looking around, but with oft less confusion. His gray eyes were simply sad and full ofpain.Its all right, Claire, Jez said. Just keep quiet, okay? Were in a little trouble, but dont tell themanything. She stared at her cousin, trying to will her to understand.A little trouble? I dont think so, came a voice from the living room doorway.It was the same voice that had give the orderabout shooting kneecaps. A light, cold voice, like an Arctic wind.The speaker was a girl.A very pretty girl, Jez thought irrelevantly. She had black hair that fell straight down her back like silk,and eyes that gleamed like topaz. Porcelain skin. A cruel smile. Lots of Power that surrounded her like adark aura. A vampire.She looked perhaps a year older than Jez, but that didnt mean anything. She could be a ny age.And those eyes, Jez thought. Theyre vaguely familiar. Like something Ive seen in a picture.I should probably introduce myself, the girl said, looking at her with cold mockery. Im Lily Redfern.Jez felt her stomach plummet.Hunter Redferns daughter.Well, that explained a lot.She was working for her father, of course. And she was a powerful enemy herself, over four hundredyears old. There were rumors that last year shed been working the human slave trade, and making a lotof money at it.I should laugh, Jez thought. There I was telling Morgead that Hunter wanted to steal a march on theCouncil-and here he really did. Just not through me, of course. Hes sent his only surviving child out totake care of us, to get Morgead to turn over the cruel Power.And thats why so many thugs-he can afford to buy as many as he needs. And the smoothoperation-Lilys a born strategist. Not to mention absolutely merciless and cold as ice.She was right. Were not in a little trouble. Were in a whole lot.So mebody, Jez thought with a strange, quiet certainty, is going to die here.Lily was still talking. And now let me introduce my associates, whove done so much to make this allpossible. She gestured at someone hidden in the hall to come forward. This is Azarius. I think youvemet.It was the vampire Jez had fought on the platform. He was tall, with dark skin and a look of authority.And this, Lily said, smiling, is someone youve also met. She gestured again, and a second figureappeared in the doorway. It was Pierce Holt.He was smiling faintly, his aristocratic face drawn in lines of genteel triumph. He waved one slender handat them, his eyes as cold as Lilys.Morgead gave an aphasic roar and tried to lunge at him.He only succeeded in falling on the floor, a struggling body in a cocoon of bast. Lily and Azarius bothlaughed. Pierce just looked scornful.You really didnt guess? he said. Youre so stupid, Morgead. Coming out this morning to meet me, sotrusting, so naive-I thought you were smart er. Im disappointed.No, youre dead, Morgead raged from the floor. He was staring at Pierce, black hair falling over his forehead and into green eyes that were brilliance with rage. You are dead when this is over Youbetrayed the gang. Youre complete scum. Youre- bar him up, Lily said, and one of the thugs kicked Morgead in the head.He must really be out of power, Jez thought, wincing. Or hed have blasted Pierce then.Im smart, Pierce was saying. And Im going to survive. I knew something was wary when she- henodded toward Jez without looking at her- said she had a deal with Hunter Redfern. It didnt soundright-and then the way she was so worried about that vermin kid. So I made a few calls, and I found outthe truth.You realize that your friend there is working with Circle Daybreak, Lily interrupted. She was alsolooking at Morgead and ignoring Jez. She lied to you and tricked you. She was trying to get the WildPower for them.Morgead snarled something inarticulate.And shes not just a Da ybreaker, Pierce said. Finally he looked at Jez, and it was with venomous spite.Shes a mutant abomination. Shes half vermin. She should have been drowned at birth.You should have been drowned at birth, Morgead said through locked teeth.Lily had been watching in amusement, but now she waved one hand. Okay, enough amusement and games.Down to business. Two of the thugs sat Morgead back up, and Lily walked to the middle of the room.She looked at each of them in turn, Jez last. Ive only got one question for you, shesaid in her cool, quiet voice. Which human is the Wild Power?Jez stared at her.She doesnt know. She knows almost everything else, but not that. And if she cant find outJez gave Hugh and Claire one long, intense look, telling them to keep silent. Then she looked back atLily.I have no idea what youre talking about.Lily hit her.It was a pretty good blow, but nothing to compare with what Jez got when she was in a fight. Jezlaughed, a natural laugh of surprise and scorn.Lilys hawk like golden eyes went icy.You think this is funny? she said, still quietly. My father sent me to get the Wild Power, and thats justwhat Im going to do. nevertheless if it means tearing you and your vampire boyfriend to pieces, mutant.Yeah, well, suppose I dont know? Did you ever think of that? Then I cant tell, no matter what you andyour little Jez glanced at Pierce and Azarius. Your little hobgoblins do. Lilys porcelain skin was flushing with fury. It brought out faint scars on one side of her face that Jezhadnt noticed before, like mostly-healed burn marks. Look, you little freak- Then she turned to thethugs. Teach her a lesson.Things were exciting for a while. Jez could hear Claire and Hugh yelling and Morgead snarling while thehobgoblins beat her up. She hardly feltthe blows herself. She was in a place where they didnt matter.When they finally got tired and stopped, Lily walked up to her again.Now, she said sweetly, has your memory gotten any better.Jez looked at her from under a swelling eyelid. I cant tell you something I dont know.Lily opened her mouth, but before she could speak, a new voice cut in.She doesnt have to tell you, Hugh said. Ill tell you. Its me.Lily swiveled slowly to look at him.He was sitting up straight at fancy his cocoon of bonds, his face calm under the dried blood. His gray eyeswere clear and straightforward. He didnt look afraid.Oh, Hugh, Jez thought. Her liveliness was beating slow and hard and her eyes prickled.Lily glanced at Azarius.He shrugged. Sure, it could be. I told you, it could be either of them. They were both at the stationwhen the flash came and the train stopped.Hmm, Lily said, a sound like a be sick purring to dinner. She moved toward Hugh. He didnt look awayfrom her, didnt flinch.But beside him, Claire gave a convulsive wiggle.She had been watching everything with a desperate, dazed expression. Jez was sure she didntunderstand a quarter of what was going on. But now she suddenly lost the muddled look. Her dar k eyessparked and she looked like the Claire whodtaunted Jez a hundred times in the hallway back home.I dont know what youre talking about, she said to Hugh. You know perfectly well its me. Sheturned to Lily. Tm the Wild Power.Lilys mouth tightened. She put her hands on her hips, looking from Hugh to Claire.Then Jez heard the strangest sound of her life.It was laughing-a wild and reckless laughing. There was an edge almost like crying to it, but alsosomething that was exhilarated, daredevil, free. If you really want to know who it is, Morgead said, ifs me.Lily whirled to glare at him. Jez simply stared, dumbfounded.Shed never seen him look so handsome-or so mocking. His smile was brilliant and flashing, his dark hairwas falling all over his eyes, and his eyes were blazing green emeralds. He was tied up, but he was sittingwith his head thrown back like a prince.Something tore inside Jez.She didnt understand why he would do it. He must know he wasnt saving her. The only people hemight possibly save were Hugh and Claire. And why would he care about them?Besides, it was a futile gesture. He didnt realize that he couldnt be the Wild Power, that he hadnt beenaround when the train stopped.But-it was such a undaunted gesture, too. Probably the most gallant thing Jez had ever seen.She stared at him, feeling the wetness spill fromher eyes again, wishing she were telepathic and could ask him why in the worlds he had done it.Then his green eyes turned to her, and she heard his mental voice.Theres just a chance theyll let one of them go with a beating. Just maybe-as a warning to CircleDaybreak not to mess with Hunter anymore. Especially if I convince Lily Ill work with her.Jez couldnt answer, but she shook her head very faintly, and looked at him in despair. She knew hecould read that. Do you know what theyll do to you? Especially when they find out youre a fake?She saw his faint reply smile. He knew.What difference does it make? he said in her mind. You and me-were lost anyway. And without you, Idont care what happens.Jez couldnt show any reaction to that at all. Her vision was dimming, and her heart felt as if it were tryingto claw itself out of her chest.Oh, Morgead Lily was breathing hard, on the verge of losing control. If I have to kill all of you-Wait, Pierce said, his cool voice a striking contrast to Lilys strained one. Theres a simple way to findout. He pointed at Jez. Stake her.Lily glared at him. What?Shes never going to tell you anything. Shes expendable. And theres something you have to understandabout the Wild Power. He moved smoothly to Lilys side. I think Morgead was right about one thing. Ithink the Wild Power isnt operating consciously at this point. Its only when the danger is greatest, when theres no physical way to escape, that the power comes out.Lily cast a sideways look at Hugh and Claire, who were sitting tensely, their eyes wide. You mean theymay not know which it is?Maybe not. Maybe its completely automatic at this point . But theres one way to find out. They allseem-attached-to the halfbreed. Put her life in danger, and then see which of them can break free and tryto save her.Lilys perfect lips slowly curved in a smile. I knew there was a reason I liked you, she said. Then shegestured at the thugs. Go on, do it Everything was confused for a bit. Not because Jez was struggling.She wasnt. But Claire was screaming and Hugh and Morgead were shouting, and Lily was laughing.When the worst of the noise died down, Jez found herself on her back. Azarius was standing over her,and he was holding a hammer and stake.Isnt it interesting, Lily was saying, that a stake through the heart is the one thing that takes care ofhumans and vampires equally efficiently?And halfbreeds, too, Pierce said. They were on either side of Azarius, looking down and laughing.Lily, listen. Listen, Morgead said, his voice hoarse and desperate. You dont have to do this. I alreadytold you, its me. Just wait a minute and talk to me-*Dont even bother, human-lover, Lily said without glancing at him. If youre the Wild Power, then saveher.Dont any of you do anything Jez yelled. Not anything, do you understand?She was yelling it mainly at Claire-or was she?Suddenly Jez felt strangely uncertain.Her heart was beating very quickly, and her mind was pelt along even faster. Fragments of thought wereglittering through her consciousness, like bits of melody almost too faint to catch. It was as if all theprophecies shed heard about the Wild Powers were echoing, ricocheting around her brain at insanespeed. And there was something about them, something that was bothering her. Something that made herwonderCould it be that Claire wasnt the Wild Power? Jez had assumed she was-but was it possible that shedbeen wrong?Hugh had been on the platform, too, watching the train approach. Hugh had reason to be upset at havingto watch Jez die. He cared about her. Jez knew that now. And Hugh was seventeen.Could Hugh be the Wild Power?He hadnt b een in the Marina district-but he lived in the Bay Area there was no reason he couldnt havebeen watching the fire just as she and Claire had.But there was still something nag at her. The prophecies two eyes are watching Four ofblue fire, power in their blood.Lily was speaking. Jez heard her as if from a great distance.Do it. make up beside the heart first.Azarius positioned the stake. He raised the hammer.Morgead screamed, JezJez shouted, None of you do anything-And then the hammer came down and the universe exploded in red agony.

PROMOTE THE HEALTH AND PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT OF CHILDREN Essay

How you adapt your practice to meet the health and corporeal development ineluctably of children, taking into account age, gender, ethnicities, case-by-case shoots and abilities In my setting I help to promote childrens health and physical development through daily r bulge outines and activities. In every last(predicate)(a) my activities I discombobulate in mind that children argon individual. I also enlighten use the term one size fits whole approach to do my intend. When planning I put into consideration, the age, gender, ethnicities, experience, ability and the specific necessitate of each child. I aim to give all children in the setting the opportunity to succeed and pee-pee their highest level of personal achievement. I analyse the attainment of dissentent groups of children to ensure that all children are achieving as much as they can. I also puff ongoing assessments of each child progress. Other things that I put into consideration to help me achieve my aim are lay out, safety of equipment eg not withal many an(prenominal) small pieces, Cleaning rota, flooring-carpet, laminated flooring for easy clean, toys and equipment that challenges children I also consider children cultural/religious practices eg whatever clothes worn such as saris can be difficult for PE, Adult ratio, dietary needs, training of provide-health and safety, health and hygiene, SchoolSAFE and so forth, access-are doors suitable for mobility aids.The type of indoor and outdoor activities that forget encourage balance, co-ordination, vernacular and fine motor skills, manipulative skills and hand/eye co-ordination In my setting, I postulate use of environment and resources. I encourage children of all ages to play unneurotic happily because I understand the benefits of different types of play and I help children to experience play that exit support their overall development.ACTIVITYBALANCE AND COORDINATION thoroughgoing(a) AND FINE MOTOR SKILLSHAND-EYE COORDINATIONPus h-and-pull toys, e.g. having dolly in a buggiesClimbing, frames, slidesDrawing and marks making with crayon, chalks, pencilsJigsaws and puzzlesPretend play i.e making tea, or cookingSelf dressing, including buttoning and unbuttoning sop up clothingRiding bike and scootersKicking,throwing and catching a ballDancing and moving to musicWalking, Running, jumping and skippingThreading and needlingPlay doughComputer moving the setbackWater and sand playCutting with scissorStanding, HoppingIn what circumstances you might change routines or activities, how you would adapt existing or planned activities or routines.It is very all grievous(p) to actively plan to meet childrens need because there is otherwise a real danger that some childrens needs might be overlooked, so in my setting I put this into consideration. Activities are usually planned with a group of children in mind, with regards to individual needs. that routines and activities could be changed if the children became bored or I run out of resources. I always have the thought astir(predicate) how an activity could be extended or adapted if needed at the last minute.In my setting all activities and areas of the setting are accessible to all children, there are also commensurate space between furniture and activities that allow free movement around the classroom.What the organisations policies and practices are regarding submit assessment and safety and why it is important to follow these? take chances assessment is about being aware of potential dangers in the childrens environment and then taking step to minimise the risk. Risk assessments must be carried out in order to identify hazards and find out the safest way to perform certain tasks and procedures. In my setting, I have a list of what and where to carry out the risk assessment so I carried out this risk assessment every morning. I follow my setting policies and practices regarding risk assessment and safety because it is important to makes my settings safe places for children.What is meant by challenging activities for individual babies and children and the link between challenging activities and developmental progress.How you encourage children to extend their range or skills and achievements. In my setting I always encourage all children of all ages and gender to increase their range or explore the range of their movement and limits of their bodies. This is achieving by I join the children in some activitiese.g play with ball and making play dough I encourage both boys and girls to join in all activities, individually and together I make sure all children have a go, they take turnI make sure all children have equal access.I give them praise and encouragement when they perform new skill e.g well done or clapping. And at time give them salute inform of sticker.K2D293How to provide opportunities for children to rest and recover from physical activity and why this is important In my setting after physical activity I ma ke sure children have opportunities to have a drink of water Sit down quietly or lie down in the quiet/ apply corner.This is because they need to catch their breath, slow their heart rates, rest their muscles and generally recharge their batteries. In my setting I also follow a routine that encourages children to disentangle or rest. It is important for babies, toddlers and little people to rest because it will help the growth and development, and it will help them to relax their brain.How to carry our risk assessment that takes all reasonable precautions without restricting opportunities for development how organisational policy can support this.The governments guidelines on salutary eating and nutrition for children and why it is important that these are followed by childcare practitioners As a practitioner it is important to follow the governments guidelines on healthy eating and nutrition for children, so in my setting as am the one in charge of cooking and preparing snacks f or children, I have recently renew my diet and hygiene certificate. I make sure that healthy and nutritious food for thought is prepared for the children as I know it is illegal to purposefully contaminated food. The nutritional needs of babies and young childrendiffer according to their age, religion and dietary.There has been a huge amount of research into the problems of childhood obesity- caused by a combination of eating too much peculiarly fatty and sugary food. Lots of snack between meals with little or not enough physical exercise, it has been proven beyond doubt that diet and physical activity in a childs early old age can affect health in later life. There are some guidelines for a healthy dietEnjoy your foodEat a variety of different foodsEat the right amount to maintain a healthy weightEat smokestack of food rich in starch and fibreEat plenty of fruit and vegetablesDo not eat too many foods that contain a lot of fatDo not have sugary foods and drinks too oftenIn my setting I try as much as possible to follow these guidelines.K2D296What are appropriate foods to give to children, what foods are unsuitable and why Link to K2D295K2D297Special dietary requirements and food preparation, related to culture, ethnicity or religious beliefs In my setting as a child is registered I find out if the child has any specific dietary requirements sot that I can meet the childs needs whilst still promoting a healthy diet. Childrens dietary requirements are often headstrong by their family, culture, ethnicity or religious beliefs. Christians may give up certain foods for LentJews may not eat pork or shellfish etc.Muslims my breast-fed until the age of two years and may not eat pork or pork products. Sikhs may be vegetarian or eat exactly chicken, lamb or fishHindus may eat no beef or be vegetarian and my drink no alcoholWhy it is important that all dietary information is documented and shared with others e.g. food allergies In my setting information about all dietary is documented and shared with other staff in order to avoid any mistake as any mistake made could cause serious harm to the childs health. breeding about childrens allergies to food and drink are regularly updated in my setting. This is always discussed with resurrects when a child is admitted.How you can encourage healthy eating practices in childrenIn my setting I make children to be aware of healthy foods and how good they are for their bodies. I get them involved in their food as soon as they show an interest. Introduce lots of foods with different tastes and texturesEast as a group as much as possible, as it will encourage children to enjoy mealtime Introduce children to multicultural healthy foods that are new and interesting Introduce children to exotic fruits and vegetables that are new and interesting Involve children in shopping and preparing healthy foods.Make myself a role model, by drinking water at all time and eating fruit and vegetable also.The need for good oral hygiene and how and why this can be encouraged In my setting, I encourage children to look after their teeth by brushing their teeth every morning and nightAvoid sweetened drinks at any ageDrinking plain water after mealsDiet with plenty of calcium, fluoride, vitamins A, C and D and food that need chewing. Regularly visit to the dentist as soon as teeth appear.Principles of cross infection and basic food hygieneIn my setting, I make sure children raceway their hands, before and after eating, when they go to toilet they washes their hands. As the children washed their hand there is a particular song I thought them, This is the way we wash our hands, wash our hands, wash our hands, this is the way we wash our hands all day long.Correct presidential term of different types of waste according to procedures and why this is required In my setting, in several occasion I have to dispose of bodily waste comparable vomit, urine and faeces. I make sure this are disposed of correctly in order to avoid contamination of surfaces and materials that are used to prepare food, or that children work on. I always wear disposable gloves and apron when dealing with waste I make sure I dispose waste immediately and in the appropriate bin. I always wipe surfaces that waste has been in contact with, by using the correct fluids and cloths. I dispose of my gloves and apron and wash my hands thoroughly after dealing with wasteActivities that can be undertaken by children to raise awareness of their own bodies and their health needs, according to their age, gender, needs and abilities In my setting I make sure children are aware of their own bodies at the same time teach them how to look after their body to clutch them healthy and safe. This is an ongoing process for children because their bodies are changing and developing all the time. Children benefit from understanding that in order to grow and develop their body needs healthy food, water, exercise, rest and to be cared fo r in a hygienic way. Furthermore all children experience times when they feel unwell. I also provide activities in accordance with childrens age, gender, needs and abilities. Songs singing during circle time involving all the part of the body like head shoulders, knees and toes.. Having a discussion about the beginning All about me this encourage children to focus on themselves and their bodies H ageinging food-tasting events for new healthy food.Pretend play, e.g. doctor and patientDetails of health surveillance of children and young people, the role of immunisations and information on regimes for childrenHeath surveillance can be describe as close supervision or observations that are primarily carried out to detect any problems with a child or young persons development with the aim of getting them the appropriate support and treatment in future. Child health surveillance should be carried out in partnership with the parent as they are the experts and the best people to identify health, developmental and behavioural problems in their own children. It is a positive experience for parents.In my setting, we always ask parent if they are up-to-date with their children immunisation and further explain to them the important of immunisation. Immunisation is to protect children from diseases that are very serious and could result to death or serious handicaps. It also protects children by preventing diseases from being passed on.Age immunisation is proneDiseases protected againstName of vaccineTwo months dodderyDiphtheria, tetanus, pertussis (whooping cough), polio and Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) Pneumococcal infection DTaP/IPV/HibPneumococcal conjugate vaccine, (PCV)Three months oldDiphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, polio and Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) Meningitis CDTaP/IPV/HibMenCFour months oldDiphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, polio and Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) Meningitis C Pneumococcal infectionDTaP/IPV/HibMenCPCVAround 12 months oldHaem ophilus influenza type b (Hib)Meningitis CHib/MenCAround 13 months oldMeasles, mumps and rubellaPneumococcal infectionMMRPCVThree years and four months or soon afterDiphtheria, tetanus, pertussis and polio Measles, mumps and rubella DTaP/IPV or dTaP/IPV, MMR13 to 18 years oldDiphtheria, tetanus, polioTd/IPV12 to 18 years old (girls only)Human papilloma virus (HPV) increases the risk of cervical cancer HPVIn addition, some babies in high-risk groups are given a BCG immunisation for protection against tuberculosis shortly after they are born. Higher risk infants may also receive immunisation against Hepatitis B. Your doctor/health visitor will give you more information if your child needs these immunisations.How chronic illnesses may affect physical development and how to access further information and support about particular conditions Children with chronic illness may be physical affected. The get tired quickly and so miss out on some activities. I need to keep track of childrens participation in the setting so as to know if they have missed key activities. But children who have chronic illnesses and physical difficulties are given opportunities to join in fully with all discussions and activities.I get support and information from the childs parent/career as they will bewell informed, I can also search through internet, support groups and health organisation or Libraries.

Rebranding of Online Marketing Platforms Essay

Just a week ago, Rachel Abrams penned an exquisite piece in The New York Times titled, beaver deal Profit Nearly Doubles in Quarter, With On tilt Sales up 22%. The title of the article suggests every accompanys gross revenue day-dream envisions through a rigorous online marketplaceing strategy but what is not known is that everywhere the foregone decade outstrip Buy has experienced 1 of the most turbulent sessions in logical argument history. Basing on this history, Rachel Abrams takes us through the steadily recuperating brand marketing strategy of a company that was on the threshold of closure three years back. This paper therefore seeks to analyze Abrams article using the Porter five forces compendium to reflect on the benefits of analyzing markets before commit in a particular marketing strategy.Porter five forces analysis is a framework focusing on market competition analysis of ad hoc industries and helps in the development of probable business strategies. Basing i ts tents on industrial organizations economics, it utilizes five major forces that are used to determine the competitive intensity of a market thereby determining the attractiveness of a market. The five forces of the porter framework are threat of new entrants, threat of substitute products or go, bargaining exponent of customers, bargaining power of suppliers and the intensity of competitive rivalry- alternatively referred to macroenvironmental factors of the business. In this context the article contains various aspects of these factors and forget be discussed in detail in the rudimentary chapters CITATION Aro14 l 1033 (Arons, Driest, & Weed, 2014). From the offset, Abrams introduces her article as a marketing piece with the introductory sentence which suggests Best Buys move to boost the visibility of their products through arduous their product costs and acquireing a web strategy to boost online gross sales and marketing.Considering that Best Buys cost-cutting and web st rategy was rolled out over two years back after they registered losses for not joining the online marketing bandwagon where competitors aggressively pick out online avenues to push their products it is safe to say that their move will be beneficial to their sales in long run. Proof is in the Stifel Nicolaus survey which suggests that they have registered a 7% increase in their sales registering 15% sales increase in the financial year 2012/2013 and 22% sales boost in the just completed 2013/2014 financial year. This was only actualized after the company made several adjustments to its marketing strategies to strike their own competitive edge over their fellow competitors. Their major competitors are online retail giants like eBay and amazon that over the past decade threatened to wipe out Best Buy from the market but since making adjustments in their marketing strategy, the company has witnessed top line growth considered as eroding to match up and even go to the extent of toppli ng their competition. Best Buy had to change from its rather abrasive told school brick-and-mortar sales strategy where customers had to go to stores to make purchases as opposed to a hands-on experience where customers can use gadgets can make online purchases and the company organizes delivery services for them.Threats of New EntrantsConsidering that the retail business rakes millions of dollars in revenue annually, upcoming companies have come to have a share of the big pie but still eBay and Amazon still top the online retailing businesses. However, several factors have impacted on the entry levels that will inhibit new players from making a go into a newly identified market. Take the instance of brands like Gap, banana republic and Old Navy stores who have registered drops in their sales considering the move by to adopt technology where stores are no longer viable and now what is being embraced in the markets is the new savvy online shopping.Best Buys Ship from downslope Appr oach (Substitute Product Service)For their delivery purposes, Best Buy has an incentive where there customers upon purchase of a product are awarded a gift which is delivered to them considering that the country is before long experiencing bad weather conditions. Similar to other major retailers in the industry, Best Buy is moving from stocking their products stores and are now are shipping their products to consumers directly. Their market analysis suggests that 2% to 4% of traffic online is not responsible of purchases simply because there exists no inventory in its respective statistical distribution facilities, however, most of the time the stock is usually available at their retail centers. This has been actualized through an expansion that saw over 1400 stores being opened up from the previous 400 stores in the past year CITATION Abr14 l 1033 (Abrams, 2014). This climb as simply being adopted to reduce beak traffic in stores the company simply adopted a ship-to-store approa ch which was only piloted in 50 stores to see its impact on sales before actualizing it in the other stores across the country. This enabled all the distribution centers to handle online inventory as opposed to the previous approach where only one store was responsible for delivery of e-commerce purchases. In essence, the new shipping approach has ensured delivery of purchased products to be done two times faster than was the case in the past. It is important to note that the ship-to-store approach is responsible for achieving the sales registered in the current year considering it has ensured high clearance margins man at the same time ensures that the company reduces its out-of-stock messages thus improving online conversation with customers.Rebranding of Online Marketing PlatformsThe increased sale of Best Buy are credited to the fact that their e-commerce platform has been improved in the past year to engage the customers more in shopping for their perfect products by making t heir searches on the website simple. The improvements on the website have been actualized through introduction of new search elements, offering product prices and recommendations, optimized search engine tools and improved search elements. The affair of these new tools helps customers easily identify products for purchase. To further make the whole process interactive and better than what their competitors are offering, Best Buy included a home-based creation of their website where consumers could create a robust streamlined wish list with well enhanced navigation capabilities. Hubert Joly, Best Buy Chief executive therefore suggests that in the future, the company will be keen on transforming their print and television market spending to the new trend of online marketing channels CITATION Dun12 l 1033 (Dunn, 2012).Above all, it is important to note that the most important aspect of a marketing initiative is the consumers who a company is trying to sell their brand to. ShopperTrac k a surveying company suggests that over holidays like Christmas and Thanksgiving, there is an increased lack for online shopping as people are seeking gifts for their families. Considering this, the survey suggest that foot traffic into malls and large retailing centers only receive 50% of this traffic and the rest goes to online shopping avenues. Consequently, following this trend, it is forecasted that during this year online sales will double brick-and-mortar sales in the current holiday season. Banking on this, Hubert Joly says that gifting customers who purchase their products online is an incentive aimed at increasing traffic online and they seek to reach out customers outside the United States specifically the China market through shipping of their products across the continent. Keen to go over their past holiday one billion holiday sales of finish year, Best Buy is seeking to go above this sales record during this Christmas and Thanksgiving season.From their previous expe riences dealing with online customers, they learned six important aspects to consider while dealing with online multichannel customers. Firstly, in developing strategies, customers ever changing needs and behaviors have to be taken into consideration CITATION Tre07 l 1033 (Trefis, 2007). Secondly, customers need to be provided with the capability to research products before making an order while at the same time interact with the retailer many customers want to interact before simply signing off a transaction. Best Buy should be able to give customers an entry point where they can easily memory access the website irrespective of their location one way of doing this is making the application accessible on mobile devices like laptops, phones or tablets. It is also important for Best Buy to reinforce marketing across all media channels by reaching out to all audiences through product campaigns in different languages. Lastly, the company should not only focus on growing a specific mark eting channel but rather seek to fulfill customer needs on a multichannel perspective.ReferencesBIBLIOGRAPHY Abrams, R. (2014, November 20). Best Buy Profit Nearly Doubles in Quarter, With Online Sales Up 22%. Retrieved November 26, 2014, from The New York Times http//www.nytimes.com/2014/11/21/business/best-buy-big-retailers-announce-q3-earnings.html?_r=0Arons, S. M., Driest, v. D., & Weed, K. (2014). The Ultimate Marketing Machine. Harvard line of products Review , 78-99.Dunn, J. B. (2012). How I Did It Best Buys CEO on Learning to Love Social Media. Harvard Business Review , 12-28.Trefis, W. (2007). Macroenvironment factors and Online Business . New York Barnes & NobleSource document

Poverty in Latin America Essay

This paper will discuss the want in Latin the States. Latin America has always been in mendicancy and although there have been some ups and downs, the poverty level remains great. First, we will discuss the region that is known as Latin America, the determining factors of poverty, the statistics and score of the poverty in Latin America and the future of the poverty in Latin America. Latin America refers to the argonas of America in which the Spanish or Portuguese languages prevail.These areas include Mexico, most of Central and randomness America, Cuba, Dominican Re universe, Puerto Rico and Brazil. Latin America can be subdivided into different regions, such as North America, South America, Central America and the Caribbean. (Wikipedia, Retrieved 2010). Latin America consists of many different ethnic backgrounds and races. It is one of the most diverse regions in the world. Some of the predominant races/backgrounds include European-Amerindians (Mestizo), Amerindians, European , Mulatto, Black, Asian and Zambo (mixed Black and Amerindian).Latin America continues to be challenged by divergence and poverty. Poverty is defined as, the state of one who lacks a usual or socially grateful amount of money or material possessions. (Merriam-Webster, Retrieved 2010). According to the World Bank, nearly 25% of the population of Latin America lives on slight than $2. 00 a day. At least 182 million stack are support in poverty in Latin America and at least 68 million people are living in extreme poverty. Poverty is defined as living on less than $2.15 per soul per day and extreme poverty as living on less than $1. 08 per person per day. The poverty rate in Latin America was halved from 60% in 1950 to less than 30% in 2000. However, during the same time period income inequality remained more or less the same, making both poverty reduction and economic growth more difficult as in other countries with a long income gapeven developed onesthe challenge is to increa se the incomes of the lower economic groups at a quick rate than those of the wealthier groups.In reality, economic growth rarely works this way. Latin American income inequality is drastic the average annual per capita income is $4,000, but the region is home to many millionaires and billionaires. The fourth richest person in the world, Carlos Slim, whose outlay was estimated at $23. 8 billion in 2005, is Mexican. (Poverty in the Developing World, Retrieved 2010). Articles state, however, that these numbers are deceiving in that ascent above the official poverty rate by a few cents or even a dollar does not mean you are any better off.People in this situation are still impoverished and are living in a way that they are unable to give for themselves much less their family, if any. Certain areas in Latin America are worse than others. Bolivia has the highest poverty and inequality rate. Haiti is just behind Bolivia. Following Haiti are Colombia, Paraguay, Brazil, Panama, Nicaragu a, Uruguay and Mexico. Many of these countries have responded to poverty by implementing new or modifying old social assistance programs. Social assistance programs are programs developed to assist the poor.The main aspects of the oc reliable social assistance programs are (1) conditional cash transfer, which is where cash is transferred directly into the household based on certain conditions, such as children attending school and doctor visits (2) the household (3) targeting the poorest and (4) being multidimensional in that they are able to assist many dimensions of poverty at once. The future of Latin America is light and unknown. Latin America has consistently been impoverished but the percentage fluctuates. Many programs are available to the public in hostel to sponsor Latin America and the people thereof.I believe the people themselves and the stainless dynamic of Latin America will contain to change before the poverty levels change significantly. Donations and charities may help but they will only scratch the surface. The issues of Latin America are deep and need to be dug up and dealt with by the people of Latin America. In conclusion, we see that this is a current problem that is steadily being addressed and researched. Latin America needs help and resources in order to come out of poverty. They also must make changes within their own system so that the help can be well received and utilized to the fullest.

Ethical Issues in Managing Employee Behavior

Ethical issues for dealing with individual employees is difficult beca manipulation four-in-hands on the front line ar responsible for various accounts such as hiring and firing disciplining and performance evaluation also during all these procedures managers are responsible for employee supervision because managers are role models for their employees in their department it is critical the managers are able to ethically resolve chores in spite of appearance the organization but unfortunately it is not always the case. Employee wayal problems that occur in the prepareplace can prevail a dramatic effect on the overall atmosphere.It is the managers responsibility to correct these problems in a morally right way. Doing so disrespectfully or unethically can result in even more problems and a decrease in productivity within the organization. The concept of ethics is a key pr arrangeice that m whatever organizations command to obey by. Managers and supervisors must follow arou nd strong ethical standards that are to be taken into consideration when employees are disrupting the workplace. What are ethics and line of descent ethics? Ethics is defined as a code of morals practiced by a person or group of people.Ethics in business the study of what divides the right and wrong or the estimable or bad behavior in the workplace environment. An Organization has a group of people that work together to achieve a common purpose. The moral challenges that these men and women face distributively day along with a whole range of problems that could occur, are why ethics plays such an important role in business. Most large businesses claim a written code of ethics, some mea accepteds called a code of bear to set the standards that employees are to follow.Many ethical lasts are base on morality, societys accepted standards of behavior. unluckily it is not always clear cut what decisions are ethical and which are not, In many cases the virtue is used to determine the direction of our behavior, however the law is not always the best tool to use because some things whitethorn be legal but not right. Ethics are what you stand for, not just ab let out what is legal. Unethical Practices by employees can arise in three ways The commencement exercise are individual factors, because people bring to their jobs, tier own ideas of what is morally right and wrong.The second is organizational factors the scary thing about unethical behavior at work is that it is not necessarily drive by personal interests, some whiles ethical lapses occur because employees smell out pressured to do what they think is best to athletic supporter their company. Third is Management influence, the manager sets the tone and by his or her actions sends signals about what is appropriate behavior for pillowcase if the boss is be craftven taking a longer lunch break, you may not follow the directed time and take a longer lunch breakThere are three main reasons on why em ployees act unethically and it is becoming a rapidly increasing problem in organizations some of the more sturdy and reoccurring issues are, Employee theft, showing up late, disclosure of confidential information, on the job drug and alcohol abuse, false documents, employee contrast and bullying, misuse of company funds, improper hygiene and a rapidly growing concern is using electronic mail and social media and cell phones for personal on work hours the only way to effectively make sure these issues are diminished or improved is for the manager to handle the positioning ethically, but it is not a perfect world and people even managers can bend the rules.One of the first problems are automatic vent when it is not needed. Manager must have proof the employee has had been performing unethically, instead of setting up a meeting with written documentation and a third party to hear the conversation . Managers also turn in that if it is their word against the employees that there ar e good chances ofthem not even being questioned. Similar character traits wind to managers that are power hungry and are too assertive when engaging with the employee, al near to the point where it is bullying. crimson tho assertiveness is good and generates results it must not be aggressive. Managers who take pleasure in caution will use this tactic rather than understanding the issue.Managers who are considered bullies, have little interest in change and is the company likes the results that manager is providing they may have even less interest on how they are behaving. Managers will also bully to avoid accepting responsibility for their behavior and why it may have assisted in the employees unethical decision making and to divert attention away from their inadequacy . The analogous can be said for harassment the fear approach to fix things. Instead of dealing with the internet site head on, they constantly call or think that checking over your shoulder will resolve employee behavior, and it may produce results but does that make it right, no. With the ever growing use of cellphones in the workplace managers may take advantage of the fact they can contact you at any given time.What can slip by in a lot of cases is the harassing manager will scold any employee suffering from stress and see it as a weak and excuse for their poor performance for example constantly saying get back to work and always being on ones back. On the other side of the spectrum of dealing with employee behavior that is not accepted is managers can be passive, some managers have a difficult time disciplining employees for a number of reasons. They may feel insecure or akward about approaching employees.Some managers rather keep an employee who is producing results and and not behaving, then have to report them or even fire them and train another weather it is that they do not want their management skills questioned, or the cost and time and energy it takes to train. In some occasion managers believe the problem will resolve itselfor they may not have the assertive personality to discipline other adults. Ignoring conflicts may also be because some especially new managers can surface themselves at loss the first time a conflict arises and it doesnt just sort itself out and have difficulty finding the right language and the right techniques to use at the time. Also managers who have tried to solve a problem and failed could Lose hope and a willingness to commit to problem solution are common responses when a manager feels that his efforts are all for nothing. If previous attempts at final result havent gone well, they may feel others may have lost trust in their abilities. I dont know where to start.Taking the time to assess a situation and make a plan burns up energy and attention. Its smart to sit back and consider your following(a) steps instead of jumping into a conflict willy-nilly, but inaction doesnt get you any closer to resolution. Develop a plan wi th clear goals in mind, and get whatever overhaul you need to put it into action. A common issue is the I have real work to do approach. Addressing military unit issues is an important part of being an effective manager but in some organizations managers feel it is weaken dealt with by human resources, the same could be said it there is an accounting issue that the document is direct straight to the Accounting department.Although human resources managers are for recruiting, hiring and problem solving it is as equally important for the manager to be involved, you cannot manage properly if you are not fully aware or separate from what is press release on in the organization, another issue is that managers will put blame on HR when the problem is not solved. Managers make mistakes while evaluating employees and their performance because of biases and judgment errors of various kinds spoil the process. When there is a behavioral issue managers will automatically assume that is not committed by all-star employees and spend so really much time on the average joe in the organization the problem is never solved or may even worsen , new issues and jealousies may arise if the employees feel pin pointed on. This would be an example of trump card and halo effect.Personal Biases are very serious he way a supervisor feels about each of the individuals working under him whether he likes or dislikes them as a tremendous effect on how the employees are handled personal Bias can stem from various sources as a result of information obtained from colleagues, considerations of opinion and thinking, social and family background and so on. They could be based on Race and ethniticy which refers to broad division of people based on their biological characteristics such as colour of skin, colour of hair and their facial features. These differences actual among humans in prehistoric times due to divers(prenominal) groups of people developing in different parts of the world isolated from each other. Ethniticy, Ethnicity refers to the common characteristics of a group of people that distinguish them from most other people of the same society. Ethnicity is based on commonality of ancestry, culture, language, nationality, or religion, or a confederacy of these things.Gender and sexuality gender bias is unequal treatment in employment opportunity (such as promotion, pay, benefits and privileges and resolution tactics, and expectations due to attitudes based on the sex of an employee or group of employees. As times develop sexual orientation is becoming more accepted but there are still judgements and labels placed. Managers may lie to employees who are not meeting up to standards Or, give out false deadlines. Nothing drastic, perhaps a day or two earlier than normal, just as long as they still has a reasonable amount of time to complete the task, but also enough time to handle anything that may pop up unexpectedly.Many employees will often say that rew ards or bonuses were promised and never given, this happens a lot in major organizations when higher positions know that employees need this job and take advantage of that fact they are very confident that if these promises are not met the employee will not complain or quit. When issues arises managers may unevenly contend the workload to employees that they know will get the task done and give the slacker less responsibility without notice or increase in pay. This quick fix is unfair and will only be a temporary fix. In most cases the employee with the increased workload will find themselves pressed for time and other responsibilities will be put on the back burner and could be completed incorrectly or rushed. That same employee may develop stress which can lead to absences, spoiled work environment, less turnout in work, stress leaves or at the last case the employee may quit.To ensure proper decision making, it is important to follow these basic steps step 1 Evaluate all the f acts in the situation closely, it is very easy to distort information to benefit oneself, getting outside input can help you see things that may have been overlooked . It is also very important to see the situation based on your values and the values of the people involved. Step 2 To make a fair prodigy based on the facts gathered the reasoning for this is increasing your chances for better results. Step 3 Identify your feelings (or your informal conscience) to make sure you are rationalizing the situation properly Step 4 Ask yourself if you can inhabit with the decision you are about to make ask questions like Would I be willing to ordain others what I had done? Would I feel worse or better about myself? Would I feel proud about my decision making and would expect others to do the same under similar flock? And would you want everyone to act the way you did Step 5 Would you be able to have evidence to exempt your decision if questioned